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The
biological
effects
of
radio
frequency
energy
should
not
be
confused
with
the
effects
from
other
types
of
electromagnetic
energy.
Very
high
levels
of
electromagnetic
energy,
such
as
is
found
in
X-rays
and
gamma
rays,
can
ionize
biological
tissues.
Ionization
is
a
process
where
electrons
are
stripped
away
from
their
normal
locations
in
atoms
and
molecules.
It
can
permanently
damage
biological
tissues
including
DNA
,
the
genetic
material.
The
energy
levels
associated
with
radio
frequency
energy,
including
both
radio
waves
and
microwaves,
are
not
great
enough
to
cause
ionization
of
atoms
and
molecules.
Therefore,
RF
energy
is
a
type
of
non-ionizing
radiation
.
Other
types
of
non-ionizing
radiation
include
visible
light,
infrared
radiation
(heat),
and
other
forms
of
electromagnetic
radiation
with
relatively
low
frequencies.
While
RF
energy
does
not
ionize
particles,
large
amounts
can
increase
body
temperatures
and
cause
tissue
damage.
Two
areas
of
the
body,
the
eyes
and
the
testes,
are
particularly
vulnerable
to
RF
heating
because
there
is
relatively
little
blood
flow
in
them
to
carry
away
excess
heat.
138
Research
Results
to
Date:
Is
there
a connection
between
RF
and
certain
health
problems?
The
results
of
most
studies
conducted
to
date
say
no.ln
addition,
attempts
to
replicate
and
confirm
the
few
studies
that
have
shown
a
connection
have
failed.
The
scientific
community
at
large
therefore
believes
that
the
weight
of scientific
evidence
does
not
show
an
association
between
exposure
to
Radio
Frequency
(RF)
from
cell
phones
and
adverse
health
outcomes.
Still
the
scientific
community
has
supported
additional
research
to
address
gaps
in
knowledge.
Some
of
these
studies
are
described
below.
lnterphone
Study
lnterphone
is
a
large
international
study
designed
to
determine
whether
cell
phones
increase
the
risk
of
head
and
neck
cancer.
A
report
published
in
the
International
Journal
of
Epidemiology
(June,
201
0)
compared
cell
phone
usage
for
more
than
5,000
people
with
brain
tumors
(glioma
and
meningioma)
and
a
similar
number
of
healthy
controls.
Results
of
this
study
did
NOT
show
that
cell
phones
caused
brain
cancer.
In
this
study,
most
people
had
no
increased
risk
of
brain
cancer
from
using
cell
phones.
For
people
with
the
heaviest
use
of
cell
phones
(an
average
of
more
than
Y2
hour
per
day
,
every
day,
for
over
10
years)
the
study
suggested
a