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hypothermia - a substantial loss of body heat, which leads to exhaustion
and unconsciousness. Most drowning victims first suffer from
hypothermia. The following chart shows the effects of hypothermia: how
hypothermia affects most adults.
How hypothermia affects most adults
Water Exhaustion or Expected
Temperature ˚C (˚F) Unconsciousness Time of Survival
0.3 (32.5) Under 15 min. Under 15–45 min.
0.3–4 (32.5–40) 15–30 min. 30–90 min.
4–10 (40–50) 30–60 min. 1–3 hrs
10–16 (50–60) 1–2 hrs. 1–6 hrs.
16–21 (60–70) 2–7 hrs. 2–40 hrs.
21–27 (70–80) 2–12 hrs. 3 hrs. to Indefinite
over 27 (over 80) Indefinite Indefinite
PFDs can increase survival time because they allow you to float without
using energy treading water and because of their insulating properties.
Naturally, the warmer the water, the less insulation you will require.
When operating in cold waters [below 60°F (15.6°C)] you should
consider using a coat or jacket style PFD or a Type V Thermal Protective
PFD as they cover more of the body than the vest or belt style PFDs.
Some Points to Remember About Hypothermia Protection:
1) Always wear your Inflatable PFD. Even if you become incapacitated
due to hypothermia, the Inflatable PFD will keep you afloat and
greatly improve your chances of rescue.
2) Do not attempt to swim unless it is to reach a nearby craft, fellow
survivor, or a floating object on which you can lean or climb.
Swimming increases the rate of body heat loss. In cold water, drown-
proofing methods that require putting your head in the water are
not recommended. Keep your head out of the water. This will greatly
lessen heat loss and increase your survival time.
3) Use the standard H.E.L.P. position when wearing an Inflatable PFD,
drawing the legs up to a seated position, because doing so will help
you conserve body heat (Fig. 18).
4) Keep a positive attitude about your survival and rescue. This will
improve your chances of extending your survival time until rescued.
21 Inflatable PFD Owner’s Manual