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Non-swimmers and children especially should wear a
hybrid or non-Inflatable PFD at all times when on or near
the water.
HYPOTHERMIA
Prolonged exposure to cold water causes a condition
known as hypothermia — a substantial loss of body heat,
which leads to exhaustion and unconsciousness. Most
drowning victims first suffer from hypothermia. The
following chart shows the effects of hypothermia: how
hypothermia affects most adults.
How hypothermia affects most adults
Water Temperature
˚C (˚F)
Exhaustion or
Unconsciousness
Expected Time
of Survival
0.3 (32.5) Under 15 min. Under 15–45 min.
0.3–4 (32.5–40) 15–30 min. 30–90 min.
4–10 (40–50) 30–60 min. 1–3 hrs
10–16 (50–60) 1–2 hrs. 1–6 hrs.
16–21 (60–70) 2–7 hrs. 2–40 hrs.
21–27 (70–80) 2–12 hrs. 3 hrs. to Indefinite
over 27 (over 80) Indefinite Indefinite
PFDs can increase survival time because they allow
you to float without using energy treading water and
because of their insulating properties. Naturally, the
warmer the water, the less insulation you will require.
When operating in cold waters [below 60°F (15.6°C)]
you should consider using a coat or jacket style PFD or
a Type V Thermal Protective PFD as they cover more of
the body than the vest or belt style PFDs. Some Points to
Remember About Hypothermia Protection:
1. Always wear your Inflatable PFD. Even if you become
incapacitated due to hypothermia, the Inflatable
PFD will keep you afloat and greatly improve your
chances of rescue.
2. Do not attempt to swim unless it is to reach a nearby
craft, fellow survivor, or a floating object on which
you can lean or climb. Swimming increases the rate
of body heat loss. In cold water, drown- proofing
methods that require putting your head in the water
are not recommended. Keep your head out of the
water. This will greatly lessen heat loss and increase
your survival time.