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Chapter 7
Measurement Calibration
7-1 INTRODUCTION This section provides discussion and examples for performing a mea
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surement calibration. It also provides a detailed procedure for calibrat
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ing with a sliding termination.
7-2 DISCUSSION Measurements always include a degree of uncertainty due to imperfec
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tions in the measurement system. The measured value is always a
combination of the actual value plus the systematic measurement er
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rors. Calibration, as it applies to network analysis, characterizes the
systematic measurement errors and subtracts them from the mea
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sured value to obtain the actual value.
The calibration process requires that you establish the test ports, per-
form the calibration, and confirm its quality. Let us examine each of
these steps.
Establishing the Test Ports Figures 7-1 and 7-2 are two of the most common approaches used to
make measurements on two-port devices. In many cases, you may need
adapters to change between connector types (N, SMA, GPC-7, etc.) or
between genders (male [M] or female [F]).
37xxxE OM 7-3
PORT 1
PORT 2
Figure 7-1. Establishing the Test Port